Introduction. The synthesis procedure of coherent-incoherent demodulation of digital signals with binary frequency modulation (F3E-2) is the basic and the purpose of this article. Synthesis procedure method of coherent-incoherent demodulation of useful signal with F3E-2 which is observed with a powerful and alike hindrance with F3E-2. Coherent reception of similar hindrance with F3E-2 and incoherent reception of useful digital signal with F3E-2 in a channel with additive white noise are showed. Simplifying transformations of coherent-incoherent demodulation procedure of useful digital signal with F3E-2 in the conditions of similar powerful hindrance. Simplification of procedure of coherent-incoherent demodulations of digital signals with F3E-2 is accomplished. Conclusions. In absence of hindrance this procedure degenerates in classic incoherent demodulation of digital signal with F3E-2. This procedure can be used for programs realization of the repeated use of frequency resource and in development of perspective protection from hindrances of radio contact facilities.

The work purpose is creation of the method for analogue signal digitization on the basis of lowering dimension non-expansive compact uniformly continuous mapping operating in compact metric spaces for computer systems of classification of dynamic objects and diagnostics of their condition. Construction of sets of the continuous bounded functions; construction of continuous mapping lowering dimension for sets of the continuous bounded functions; construction com-pact Polish (separable full metric) spaces; construction of lowering dimension non-expansive compact uniformly continuous mapping operating in compact Polish spaces; construction of model of digitization are carried out to solve this task. Criterion of digitization speed (based on a minimum of digitization time on model), criterion of classification probability (based on a minimum of full probability of a digitization error) and criterion of model adequacy (based on a minimum of a root-mean-square error) are offered to estimate the efficiency of the created model. The approaches for the functional analysis focused on analogue signal digitization are used in the article unlike the majority of works on digital signal processing. The analogue signal digitization on time is carried out on a basis of ε-networks. The analogue signal digitization on level is carried out based on set of final linear combinations of functions-indicators and to increase the digitization accuracy of the digital not recursive filter. The developed method and digitization model can be used in various analogue-digital converters of computer systems for the general and a special purpose.

Introduction. The biological effects are characterized by a range of millimeter waves in the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of high frequency. This is due to the fact that the membranes of living cells with dipole oscillate in the millimeter frequency range. The aim. The aim is cell structures using as biosensors of natural electromagnetic radiation in millimeter range with extremely low intensity for the energy and spectral characteristics evaluation of the discharge pulse generator for information-wave therapy. The experimental technique. The study was conducted «in vitro». The suspension of bone marrow cells of rats in saline was the object of irradiation. One of the cell suspensions was seen, as a control and the other three parts were subjected to irradiation of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The relative number of dead cells was determined in the control sample and the sample irradiated at 30, 60 and 90 minutes as the characteristics of biosensor response. Results of the study. The relative number of dead cells in the irradiated sample is almost twice lower than for the control for all three exposures. Thus, the impact generated electro-magnetic radiation enhances the viability of bone marrow cells of rats. Conclusions. The experiments indirectly support the structure of the frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation discharge pulse generator. Also the theoretical possibility of biosensors constructing based on cell structures can be mentioned for registration superweak radiation in millimeter range.

Introduction. The objective evaluation of magneto-optical television system technical characteristics was needed in the development. Novelty of the system prevents the use of standard techniques for this. The task of this work is to offer adequate methodology and to evaluate the sensitivity and resolution of magneto-optical television system. Method of sensibility evaluation. The concept of magneto-optical television system sensitivity was made by the analysis of regulatory and scientific-technical sources. It is determined by the minimum size of the control object type "print bar" image visualization which has sufficient SNR. The method and the estimation of the magneto-optical television system sensitivity for magnetic protection of documents control were done. It is based on the quantitative evaluation of the image signal and noise in magneto-optical visualization of the spatial magnetic fields distribution in control object plane. Method of resolution evaluation. The notion of magneto-optical television system resolution was formalized. The method and the estimation of its resolution were done. Conclusions. According to the results of the pilot research the sensitivity of magneto-optical television system allows confidently to visualize bar of magnetic paint a width exceeding 21 mm, its resolution allows to distinguish the strokes of a thickness exceeding 42 mm.

Introduction. The development of modern techniques for noninvasive diagnostic sets requirements to ensure complete diagnostic safety, efficiency, comprehensiveness while maintaining high reliability of quantitative results. One of the promising directions for creating such devices is based on the idea of using information properties of the extra low millimeter-wave radiation from the human body or other biological objects. Problem definition. The main difficulty in registration of such radiation is associated with exceptionally low power electromagnetic field generated by the body and the absence lack of opportunities for effective their reception by the radiation sensitive receivers. This is a significant issue of physical media relevant information signals that ensure effective processes in the body. Solutions to the problem. The absence of a necessary equipment for electromagnetic radiation registration of millimeter range extra low radiation until now makes impossible the diagnostics in this range. Power meter based on semiconductor sensors can improve the compactness of equipment, ease of use and efficiency in diagnostics. Description of the model and experiment. The receiver located on the surface of the skin can get a signal from the cell body. The information status of cells in the deeper layers of the body is transferred to the surface of cells and is a modulating factor for the generated millimeter radiation. Three basic hardware portions that make up its technical support should be included in the diagnostic system. There are antenna measuring unit and interface process unit, storage and presentation of information. These signals can be detected and processed by a computer. The range of information signals estimated spectral characteristics of low-frequency envelope of the received signal can be used as informative features. Application. Any disease of the body changes metabolic processes in cells, thereby initiating the process of functional reorganization and related variations in their radiation spectra of electromagnetic waves. Spectra electromagnetic waves in all possible frequency range will vary depending on the functional state of the controlled object. This pathologically altered cells, tissues or organs will produce disharmonious electromagnetic waves. Conclusions. The functioning of healthy cells is accompanied oscillated fluctuations in the plasma membrane. Registration of these oscillations and their analysis reveals changes in disturbance in the functioning of the organism to asymptomatic stage of the disease. Millimeter waves generated by biological objects give the task of designing a multichannel radiation receiver with the level of self noise as lower as possible and high sensitivity.

Introduction. One of the ways to miniaturize nonreciprocal microwave ferrite devices is using a ferrite resonator in ferromagnetic resonance. It is necessary to investigate the inter-action of the ferrite resonator with symmetrical Y-junction stripline. Also it is necessary to define main characteristics of this conjunction. Obtained results may be used for design the lumped element Y-circulator. The main part. Ferrite resonator is made from yttrium-iron garnet in spherical form and is placed in the center of symmetrical Y-junction stripline. It is excited by the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field in junction center and excites secondary electromagnetic field in the transmission lines. Calculation of the excitation factors makes possible to obtain reflection and transmission factors. Conclusion. The circulation effect close to ferromagnetic resonance is observed. The similarity between theoretical and practical results indicates that the obtained formulas may be used to calculate scattering matrix components of symmetrical Y-junction stripline with inserted ferrite resonator. Keywords

Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine perceptivity usage of the coincidence method for the implementation of phase measuring device. It was necessary to establish the structural elements of the measuring device. The main part. In article main types of digital phase measurers based on nonius measuring are shown. One-time nonius measurer is shown as low accuracy measurer. Multi-time nonius measurer allows to increase accuracy. This type of measurer allows fast measuring by executing in parallel multiply nonius generators, but requiring to work with special schemes to detect errors in case of wrong impulse width's. The coincidence method is known for a long time and now actively used for frequency measurement of signals. Used method is based on several coincidences of incoming and base signals. Drawback of method is dependence of measurement time and expected accuracy. In this paper the scheme for usage for measurement of a phase shift angle with usage of a coincidence method is offered. It is shown that for measurement of a phase shift by this meth-od there is no necessity for frequency measurement of the incoming signal, as it is necessary for other implementations of digital measurement of a phase shift. Conclusions. The result of research shows the block diagram of device for measuring of phase shift angle using the coincidence method. The resulting device can receive the angle of phase shift with any duration of time measurement. Moreover, the longer the time of measurement, the greater accuracy expected.

Introduction. A brief description of the symbolic frequency method for linear parametric circuit analysis is adduced. In particular it comes to parametric transfer functions and assessment of asymptotic stability of such circuits. The formulation of optimization task. The objective function formation is done via two functions - the function of goal defined by desirable circuit characteristics (goal of optimization) and function characteristics of circuit defined by the selected values of the varied parameters during optimization of electrical circuit characteristics. The coincidence degree of these two functions is objective function which is formed on their basis by the chosen method. The procedure of optimization. The solution of optimization task is determining the values с0* and m* that provide minimum value of objective function, satisfy the condition of circuit stability and conditions of physical parametric element realizability Example. There is example of single-circuit parametric amplifier optimization using the objective function based on the calculation of parametric circuit transfer function with a symbolic representation of the parametric capacity parameters. Conclusions. Frequency symbolic analysis method allows solving optimization task of parametric linear circuits designing in the frequency domain based on use of the frequency symbolic transfer functions which are approximated by trigonometric polynomials of Fourier, particularly in complex form.

Introduction. Complicated signals with the button ambiguity function can provide the distance and speed of target independent estimation. These include the signal with the 2nddegree that has been carefully researched earlier. Problem statement. The potential characteristics of 2nd degree, 3d degree and 4th degree frequency modulated probing signals are analyzed and compared. Investigation of potential characteristics of 3d degree and 4th degree frequency modulated probing signals. Features of 2nd degree, 3d degree and 4th degree frequency modulated probing signals are considered. Comparison of these signals autocorrelation functions is held. Features of cross-correlation function splitting into two peaks and the consequences of this effect are considered. Comparison of potential range resolutions and potential resolutions of these signals speed are conducted. Dependence of the probing signals potential characteristics increasing the intra-frequency modulation degree is investigated. Conclusions. Increasing the degree of frequency modulated does not result to a substantial increase in peak splitting cross-correlation function. Level pedestal signal grows and potential resolutions range of signals worsen with increasing degree of frequency modulated. Potential resolutions of signals speed are not changing increasing degree of frequency modulated.

Introduction. Design of modern powerful transistor generators with external exitation in meter and decameter wave ranges requires maximum utilisation of the transistor power capabilities. Transistors have no margins on the maximum permissible parameters and even minor derivations from normal mode can cause it fail. Known protection devices for band power amplifiers have a time constant greater than 20-30us permissible overhead of transistor and can not protect the amplifier from short-circuit load or its failure. Helicon isolator at the output of transmitters for meter and decameter waves protects the transistor from the load mismatch and also decreases the intermodulation distortions level. The goal of this work is to study the on-turn transient of helicon isolator during the antenna break or short-circuit. Formulation of the problem. The maximum power dissipation in the helicon isolator de-pends on the maximum allowable temperature of the semiconductor resonator plate. In this work the transient processes in the helicon isolator after the sudden load mismatch are studied in order to reduce its sizes and weight for the given power level. Simulation. Temperature changes of the main part of helicon isolator – helicon resonator with sizes 10x10x10 mm3 of indium antimonide dopped with tellurium with concentration 2.1 1023 m-3 are simulated in the approximation of one-dimensional model. The termal time constant was calculated. The resonator temperature variations are calculated with the different backward power levels. It is shown, that the time to reach the critical temperature 600С for the isolator with 10W dissipation power level is more than 0.1s and much more then required timeout for even simple emergency shutdown system of the band power amplifier for transmitters. Experimental results. Experimental study of the helicon isolator transient shows that the reverse attenuation decreases from -23dB to -20db in 0.6s and to -15dB in 1.1s. This timeout is enough to protect the transistor amplifier of the transmitter in emergency mode up to the power supply shutdown. Conclusion. Helicon isolators are efficient protection of transistor transmitters from load mismatch in meter and decameter wave ranges. The reflected power is adsorbed in the isolator at antenna break or short-circuits. The thermal time constant of the isolator is enough for even the very simple emergency power shutdown system to switch.

Introduction. Development of multi-scanning signal integration algorithms for pulseDoppler radars which are widely used in practice is of great practical importance. Problem statement. The problem of multi-scanning signal integration measuring range and range-rate is considered. The reflected signal from a target is a distorted white noise coherent packet of radio pulses with random initial phase and known amplitude. Target detection in a sequence of radar scans is reduced to the detection of target track. Development of a two-step multi-scanning incoherent signal integration algorithm. Two-step integration method is applied to reduce the number of tracks. In the first stage the initial signals detection with a sufficiently high probability of false alarm is performed. In the second stage the tracking problem for selection target markers is solved and the multiscanning signal integration is implemented. It provides an optimal target detection solution over K surveys with low signal-to-noise ratio. Expressions for the correct target detection probability and false alarm incorporating quality track tracking are obtained. Simulation results. Analysis of the algorithm is carried out as example of the little maneuvering target detection using the statistical modeling. The methods of calculating the output threshold (the cumulative statistics are compared on it) is presented. Conclusions. Increasing the number of scans (in which the integration are performed) leads to a significant decreasing the probability of false alarm, which allows to increase the signal-to-noise ratio compared with the detection in a single scan up to 3.5 dB.

Introduction. The processes of sediment suspensions and sols in gravitational and in centrifugal field and the combined action of the electric field on the particle and the field of gravity, and also their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this work. Materials and performance. The time of sedimentation particles different radius is calculated on the way to an inch as it moves under the influence of gravity, centrifugal and electric fields as the example of the colloidal particles quartz SiO2. Resume. The effectiveness of the methods deposition colloidal particles under the influence of different fields is assessed. The conclusion concerning the alternatives to sedimentation analysis under the influence of the centrifugal field sedimentation analysis using an electric field is given. Keywords

The search for methods of small targets detection by marine radars is carried out in this paper. As a result of the sources analysis three promising group of methods are selected – adaptive methods based on the clutter amplitude spherically invariant random process representation, methods based on non stohastic clutter representation and methods based on orthogonal transformations. Separately, neural networks and clutter polarization properties are noticed. Most of researches consider compound Gaussian distribution for high resolution sea clutter data modeling. Adaptive CFAR algoritm developed by Kelly for Gaussian clutter was extended for spherical invariant random process. This algorithm can detect target in compound Gaussian clutter and ensure CFAR detection if covariance matrix is precisely known. Many researches proposed different methods of covariance matrix estimating using information from cells adjacent with cell under test. Progress in this field is moving to finding less computation cost but more precise methods of covariance matrix estimation. Further progress for small slow moving targets in heavy sea clutter detection can develop in 3 ways – improving covariance matrix estimation, exploiting not stochastic methods and finding best orthogonal transform for sea clutter Doppler spectrum describing.

Introduction. The low-intensity noise generators of millimeter wavelength range find wide application in the engineering, biological appliance and therapy procedures due to the simplicity, reliability and efficiency at treatment of pain syndromes in the different branches of practical medicine. Design of the low-intensity noise generator. The features of low-intensity noise generator are electromagnetic waves generation by means of the radiation source (working substance) that has a temperature more or less of the environment ambient temperature. Structurally the radiation source is made as a millimeter range waveguide matched load. It is enclosed and heat-insulated. One of basic lacks of similar noise generators is small initial power. Authors have proposed two variant of the noise generator power increasing. Their experimental stud-ies results and choice of natural origin (minerals) materials prompt are undertaken for the working substance of thermal generator and more effective construction of cool element of-fers. Enhancement of the noise generator power. Utilization of mineral (for example, nephrite) as working substance provides the double increase of noise initial signal power in comparison with standard material – ferroepoxide usually used in microwave technique. The multi-layered construction of Peltier element provides the value of working substance temperature in range 20-30оС accordingly increases power of negative electromagnetic stream. Conclusion. Thus the proposed low-intensity noise generator design provides greater efficiency at its use in the engineering, biological appliance and therapy procedures of practical medicine.